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1.6.2 Modifying single staves
This section explains how to change specific attributes of one staff: for example, modifying the number of staff lines or the staff size. Methods to start and stop staves and set ossia sections are also described.
Staff symbol | ||
Ossia staves | ||
Hiding staves |
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Staff symbol
The \stopStaff
and \startStaff
commands can be used to
stop or (re)start the staff lines respectively, from being printed at
any point witin a score.
\stopStaff f4 d \startStaff g, e f'4 d \stopStaff g, e f'4 d \startStaff g, e
Comandi predefiniti
\startStaff
,
\stopStaff
.
The lines of a staff belong to the StaffSymbol
grob (including
ledger lines) can be modified using StaffSymbol
properties, but
these modifications must be made before the staff is (re)started.
The number of staff lines can be altered,
f4 d \stopStaff \override Staff.StaffSymbol #'line-count = #2 \startStaff g, e | f'4 d \stopStaff \revert Staff.StaffSymbol #'line-count \startStaff g, e |
The position of each the staff lines can also be altered. The values used are half staff line spaces and the new position is relative to the normal center line. A single staff line is printed for every value entered so that the number of staff lines, as well as their position in the staff, can be changed with a single override.
f4 d \stopStaff \override Staff.StaffSymbol #'line-positions = #'(1 3 5 -1 -3) \startStaff g, e | f'4 d \stopStaff \override Staff.StaffSymbol #'line-positions = #'(8 6.5 -6 -8 -0.5) \startStaff g, e
The clef position and the position of middle C may need to be adjusted accordingly to fit the new lines. See Chiave.
Staff line thickness can be altered. Ledger lines and note stems, by default, are also affected.
\new Staff \with { \override StaffSymbol #'thickness = #3 } { f4 d g, e }
However, it is possible to set ledger line thickness independently of staff lines. The two values required multiply the staff line thickness with the staff line spacing and are then added together to give the ledger line thickness.
\new Staff \with { \override StaffSymbol #'thickness = #2 \override StaffSymbol #'ledger-line-thickness = #'(0.5 . 0.4) } { f'4 a, a,, f }
The vertical positions of ledger lines can be altered,
\new Staff \with { \override StaffSymbol #'ledger-positions = #'(-3 -2 -1 2 5 6) } { f'4 a, a,, f }
Additional ledger lines can be made to appear above or below note heads depending on the current position relative to other note heads that also have their own ledger lines.
\new Staff \with { \override StaffSymbol #'ledger-extra = #4 } { f'4 a, d, f, }
Legder lines can also be made to appear inside the staff where custom
staff lines are required. The example shows the default position of
ledger lines when the explicit legder-position
is and is not set.
The stopStaff
is needed in the example to revert the
\override
for the whole StaffSymbol
.
The distance between staff lines can be altered. This affects ledger line spacing as well.
\new Staff \with { \override StaffSymbol #'staff-space = #1.5 } { f'4 d, g, e, }
Frammenti di codice selezionati
Making some staff lines thicker than the others
For educational purposes, a staff line can be thickened (e.g., the
middle line, or to emphasize the line of the G clef). This can be
achieved by adding extra lines very close to the line that should be
emphasized, using the line-positions
property of the
StaffSymbol
object.
{ \override Staff.StaffSymbol #'line-positions = #'(-4 -2 -0.2 0 0.2 2 4) d'4 e' f' g' }
Vedi anche
Music Glossary: line, ledger line, staff.
Notation Reference: Chiave.
Snippets: Staff notation.
Internals Reference: StaffSymbol, staff-symbol-interface.
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Ossia staves
Ossia staves can be set by creating a new simultaneous staff in the appropriate location:
\new Staff \relative c'' { c4 b d c << { c4 b d c } \new Staff { e4 d f e } >> c4 b c2 }
However, the above example is not what is usually desired. To create ossia staves that are above the original staff, have no time signature or clef, and have a smaller font size, tweaks must be used. The Learning Manual describes a specific technique to achieve this goal, beginning with Nesting music expressions.
The following example uses the alignAboveContext
property
to align the ossia staff. This method is most appropriate when
only a few ossia staves are needed.
\new Staff = main \relative c'' { c4 b d c << { c4 b d c } \new Staff \with { \remove "Time_signature_engraver" alignAboveContext = #"main" fontSize = #-3 \override StaffSymbol #'staff-space = #(magstep -3) \override StaffSymbol #'thickness = #(magstep -3) firstClef = ##f } { e4 d f e } >> c4 b c2 }
If many isolated ossia staves are needed, creating an empty
Staff
context with a specific context id may be more
appropriate; the ossia staves may then be created by
calling this context and using \startStaff
and
\stopStaff
at the desired locations. The benefits of this
method are more apparent if the piece is longer than the following
example.
<< \new Staff = ossia \with { \remove "Time_signature_engraver" \override Clef #'transparent = ##t fontSize = #-3 \override StaffSymbol #'staff-space = #(magstep -3) \override StaffSymbol #'thickness = #(magstep -3) } { \stopStaff s1*6 } \new Staff \relative c' { c4 b c2 << { e4 f e2 } \context Staff = ossia { \startStaff e4 g8 f e2 \stopStaff } >> g4 a g2 \break c4 b c2 << { g4 a g2 } \context Staff = ossia { \startStaff g4 e8 f g2 \stopStaff } >> e4 d c2 } >>
Using the \Staff \RemoveEmptyStaves
command to create ossia
staves may be used as an alternative. This method is most
convenient when ossia staves occur immediately following a line
break. For more information about
\Staff \RemoveEmptyStaves
, see Hiding staves.
<< \new Staff = ossia \with { \remove "Time_signature_engraver" \override Clef #'transparent = ##t fontSize = #-3 \override StaffSymbol #'staff-space = #(magstep -3) \override StaffSymbol #'thickness = #(magstep -3) } \relative c'' { R1*3 c4 e8 d c2 } \new Staff \relative c' { c4 b c2 e4 f e2 g4 a g2 \break c4 b c2 g4 a g2 e4 d c2 } >> \layout { \context { \Staff \RemoveEmptyStaves \override VerticalAxisGroup #'remove-first = ##t } }
Frammenti di codice selezionati
Vertically aligning ossias and lyrics
This snippet demonstrates the use of the context properties
alignBelowContext
and alignAboveContext
to control the
positioning of lyrics and ossias.
\paper { ragged-right = ##t } \relative c' << \new Staff = "1" { c4 c s2 } \new Staff = "2" { c4 c s2 } \new Staff = "3" { c4 c s2 } { \skip 2 << \lyrics { \set alignBelowContext = #"1" lyrics4 below } \new Staff \with { alignAboveContext = #"3" fontSize = #-2 \override StaffSymbol #'staff-space = #(magstep -2) \remove "Time_signature_engraver" } { \times 4/6 { \override TextScript #'padding = #3 c8[^"ossia above" d e d e f] } } >> } >>
Vedi anche
Music Glossary: ossia, staff, Frenched staff.
Learning Manual: Nesting music expressions, Size of objects, Length and thickness of objects.
Notation Reference: Hiding staves.
Snippets: Staff notation.
Internals Reference: StaffSymbol.
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Hiding staves
Staff lines can be hidden by removing the
Staff_symbol_engraver
from the Staff
context. As an
alternative, \stopStaff
may be used.
\new Staff \with { \remove "Staff_symbol_engraver" } \relative c''' { a8 f e16 d c b a2 }
Empty staves can be hidden by setting the
\Staff \RemoveEmptyStaves
command in the \layout
block. In orchestral scores, this style is known as ‘Frenched
Score’. By default, this command hides and removes all empty
staves in a score except for those in the first system.
Nota: A staff is considered empty when it contains only multi-measure rests, rests, skips, spacer rests, or a combination of these elements.
\layout { \context { \Staff \RemoveEmptyStaves } } \relative c' << \new Staff { e4 f g a \break b1 \break a4 b c2 } \new Staff { c,4 d e f \break R1 \break f4 g c,2 } >>
\Staff \RemoveEmptyStaves
can also be used to create ossia
sections for a staff. For details, see Ossia staves.
The \VaticanaStaff \RemoveEmptyStaves
command may be used to
hide empty staves in ancient music contexts. Similarly,
\RhythmicStaff \RemoveEmptyStaves
may be used to hide empty
RhythmicStaff
contexts.
Comandi predefiniti
\Staff \RemoveEmptyStaves
,
\VaticanaStaff \RemoveEmptyStaves
,
\RhythmicStaff \RemoveEmptyStaves
.
Frammenti di codice selezionati
Removing the first empty line
The first empty staff can also be removed from the score by setting the
VerticalAxisGroup
property remove-first
. This can be done
globally inside the \layout
block, or locally inside the
specific staff that should be removed. In the latter case, you have to
specify the context (Staff
applies only to the current staff) in
front of the property.
The lower staff of the second staff group is not removed, because the setting applies only to the specific staff inside of which it is written.
\layout { \context { \Staff \RemoveEmptyStaves % To use the setting globally, uncomment the following line: % \override VerticalAxisGroup #'remove-first = ##t } } \new StaffGroup << \new Staff \relative c' { e4 f g a \break c1 } \new Staff { % To use the setting globally, comment this line, % uncomment the line in the \layout block above \override Staff.VerticalAxisGroup #'remove-first = ##t R1 \break R } >> \new StaffGroup << \new Staff \relative c' { e4 f g a \break c1 } \new Staff { R1 \break R } >>
Vedi anche
Music Glossary: Frenched staff.
Learning Manual: Visibility and color of objects.
Notation Reference: Changing context default settings, Staff symbol, Ossia staves, Hidden notes, Invisible rests, Visibility of objects.
Snippets: Staff notation.
Internals Reference: ChordNames, FiguredBass, Lyrics, Staff, VerticalAxisGroup, Staff_symbol_engraver.
Problemi noti e avvertimenti
Removing Staff_symbol_engraver
also hides bar lines. If
bar line visibility is forced, formatting errors may occur. In
this case, use the following overrides instead of removing the
engraver:
\override StaffSymbol #'stencil = ##f \override NoteHead #'no-ledgers = ##t
For the Known issues and warnings associated with
\Staff \RemoveEmptyStaves
see
Changing context default settings.
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