Manual Debian Live

Sobre aquest manual

1. Sobre aquest manual

1.1 Per als impacients
1.2 Termes
1.3 Autors
1.4 Contribuir en aquest document
1.4.1 Aplicar canvis
1.4.2 Traducció

2. Sobre el Projecte Debian Live

2.1 Motivació
2.1.1 Què passa amb els sistemes vius actuals
2.1.2 Per què crear el nostre pròpi sistema viu?
2.2 Filosofia
2.2.1 Només paquets Debian sense modificacions de la secció "main"
2.2.2 Paquets del sistema viu sense cap configuració
2.3 Contacte

Usuari

3. Instaŀlació

3.1 Requeriments
3.2 Instaŀlació de live-build
3.2.1 Des del repositori de Debian
3.2.2 À partir del codi font
3.2.3 A partir d'instantànies
3.3 Instal.lació de live-boot i live-config
3.3.1 Des del repositori de Debian
3.3.2 À partir del codi font
3.3.3 A partir d'instantànies

4. Conceptes bàsics

4.1 Què és un sistema viu?
4.2 Primers passos: construcció d'una imatge ISO híbrida
4.3 Usar una imatge ISO híbrida en viu
4.3.1 Gravar una imatge ISO en un medi físic
4.3.2 Còpiar una imatge ISO híbrida en un dispositiu USB
4.3.3 Arrencar els medis en viu
4.4 Utilitzar una màquina virtual per fer proves
4.4.1 Provar una imatge ISO amb QEMU
4.4.2 Provar una imatge ISO amb virtualbox-ose
4.5 Construir una imatge HDD
4.6 Utilitzar una imatge HDD
4.6.1 Provar una imatge HDD amb Qemu
4.6.2 Utilitzar l'espai lliure en una memòria USB
4.7 Construir una imatge netboot
4.7.1 Servidor DHCP
4.7.2 Servidor TFTP
4.7.3 Servidor NFS
4.7.4 Com provar l'arrencada en xarxa
4.7.5 Qemu
4.7.6 VMWare Player

5. Descripció general de les eines

5.1 El paquet live-build
5.1.1 L'ordre lb config
5.1.2 L'ordre lb build
5.1.3 L'ordre lb clean
5.2 El paquet live-boot
5.3 El paquet live-config

6. Gestió d'una configuració

6.1 Gestionar canvis a la configuració
6.1.1 Per què utilitzar scripts auto? Què fan?
6.2 Utilitzar scripts auto d'exemple
6.3 Clonar una configuració publicada via Git

7. Personalització dels continguts

7.1 Configuració durant la construcció vs. durant l'arrencada
7.2 Etapes de la construcció
7.3 Suplementar lb config amb fitxers
7.4 Tasques de personalització

8. Personalització de la instaŀlació de paquets

8.1 Fonts dels paquets
8.1.1 Distribució, zones d'arxiu i mode
8.1.2 Miralls de distribució
8.1.3 Miralls de distribució utilitzats en temps de construcció
8.1.4 Miralls de distribució utilitzats en temps d'execució
8.1.5 Repositoris addicionals
8.2 Selecció dels paquets a instaŀlar
8.2.1 Llistes de paquets
8.2.2 Using metapackages
8.2.3 Llistes locals de paquets
8.2.4 Llistes locals de paquets per l'etapa binary
8.2.5 Generar llistes de paquets
8.2.6 Ús de condicionals dins de les llistes de paquets
8.2.7 Tasques d'escriptori i llenguatge
8.3 Instaŀlació de paquets modificats o de tercers
8.3.1 Fer servir packages.chroot per instaŀar paquets personalitzats
8.3.2 Fer servir un repositori APT per instaŀlar paquets personalitzats
8.3.3 Paquets personalitzats i APT
8.4 Configurar APT en temps de construcció
8.4.1 Seleccionar apt o aptitude
8.4.2 L'ús d'un proxy amb APT
8.4.3 Tweaking APT to save space
8.4.4 Passar opcions per a apt o aptitude
8.4.5 APT pinning

9. Personalització dels continguts

9.1 Includes
9.1.1 Live/chroot local includes
9.1.2 Binary local includes
9.2 Scripts ganxo (Hooks)
9.2.1 Live/chroot local hooks
9.2.2 Scripts ganxo durant l'arrencada
9.2.3 Binary local hooks
9.3 Preconfiguració de les preguntes de Debconf

10. Personalització dels comportaments en temps d'execució

10.1 Personalitzar l'usuari en viu
10.2 Personalització de l'entorn local i el llenguatge
10.3 Persistència
10.3.1 El fitxer live-persistence.conf
10.3.2 Utilitzar més d'un magatzem de persistència

11. Customizing the binary image

11.1 Bootloader
11.2 ISO metadata

12. Customizing Debian Installer

12.1 Types of Debian Installer
12.2 Customizing Debian Installer by preseeding
12.3 Customizing Debian Installer content

Projecte

13. Reporting bugs

13.1 Known issues
13.2 Rebuild from scratch
13.3 Use up-to-date packages
13.4 Collect information
13.5 Isolate the failing case if possible
13.6 Use the correct package to report the bug against
13.6.1 At build time whilst bootstrapping
13.6.2 At build time whilst installing packages
13.6.3 At boot time
13.6.4 At run time
13.7 Do the research
13.8 Where to report bugs

14. Coding Style

14.1 Compatibility
14.2 Indenting
14.3 Wrapping
14.4 Variables
14.5 Miscellaneous

15. Procedures

15.1 Udeb Uploads
15.2 Major Releases
15.3 Point Releases
15.3.1 Last Point Release of a Debian Release
15.3.2 Point release announcement template

Exemples

16. Examples

16.1 Using the examples
16.2 Tutorial 1: A standard image
16.3 Tutorial 2: A web browser utility
16.4 Tutorial 3: A personalized image
16.4.1 First revision
16.4.2 Second revision
16.5 A VNC Kiosk Client
16.6 A base image for a 128M USB key
16.7 A localized KDE desktop and installer

Apèndix

17. Style guide

17.1 Guidelines for authors
17.1.1 Linguistic features
17.1.2 Procedures
17.2 Guidelines for translators
17.2.1 Translation hints

Manual Debian Live

Projecte

13. Reporting bugs

Debian Live is far from being perfect, but we want to make it as close as possible to perfect - with your help. Do not hesitate to report a bug. It is better to fill a report twice than never. However, this chapter includes recommendations on how to file good bug reports.

Per als impacients

  • Always check first the image status updates on our homepage at ‹http://live.debian.net/› for known issues.
  • Always try to reproduce the bug with the most recent versions of live-build, live-boot, live-config and live-tools before submitting a bug report.
  • Try to give as specific information as possible about the bug. This includes (at least) the version of live-build, live-boot, live-config, and live-tools used and the distribution of the live system you are building.
  • 13.1 Known issues

    Since Debian testing and Debian unstable distributions are moving targets, when you specify either of them as the target system distribution, a successful build may not always be possible.

    If this causes too much difficulty for you, do not build a system based on testing or unstable, but rather, use stable. live-build always defaults to the stable release.

    Currently known issues are listed under the section 'status' on our homepage at ‹http://live.debian.net/›.

    It is out of the scope of this manual to train you to correctly identify and fix problems in packages of the development distributions, however, there are two things you can always try: If a build fails when the target distribution is testing, try unstable. If unstable does not work either, revert to testing and pin the newer version of the failing package from unstable (see APT pinning for details).

    13.2 Rebuild from scratch

    To ensure that a particular bug is not caused by an uncleanly built system, please always rebuild the whole live system from scratch to see if the bug is reproducible.

    13.3 Use up-to-date packages

    Using outdated packages can cause significant problems when trying to reproduce (and ultimately fix) your problem. Make sure your build system is up-to-date and any packages included in your image are up-to-date as well.

    13.4 Collect information

    Please provide enough information with your report. Include, at least, the exact version of live-build where the bug is encountered and the steps to reproduce it. Please use your common sense and provide any other relevant information if you think that it might help in solving the problem.

    To make the most out of your bug report, we require at least the following information:

  • Architecture of the host system
  • Version of live-build on the host system
  • Version of live-boot on the live system
  • Version of live-config on the live system
  • Version of live-tools on the live system
  • Version of debootstrap and/or cdebootstrap on the host system
  • Architecture of the live system
  • Distribution of the live system
  • Version of the kernel on the live system
  • You can generate a log of the build process by using the tee command. We recommend doing this automatically with an auto/build script (see Managing a configuration for details).

    # lb build 2>&1 | tee build.log

    At boot time, live-boot stores a log in /var/log/live-boot.log.

    Additionally, to rule out other errors, it is always a good idea to tar up your config/ directory and upload it somewhere (do not send it as an attachment to the mailing list), so that we can try to reproduce the errors you encountered. If this is difficult (e.g. due to size) you can use the output of lb config --dump which produces a summary of your config tree (i.e. lists files in subdirectories of config/ but does not include them).

    Remember to send in any logs that were produced with English locale settings, e.g. run your live-build commands with a leading LC_ALL=C or LC_ALL=en_US.

    13.5 Isolate the failing case if possible

    If possible, isolate the failing case to the smallest possible change that breaks. It is not always easy to do this so if you cannot manage it for your report, do not worry. However, if you plan your development cycle well, using small enough change sets per iteration, you may be able to isolate the problem by constructing a simpler 'base' configuration that closely matches your actual configuration plus just the broken change set added to it. If you have a hard time sorting out which of your changes broke, it may be that you are including too much in each change set and should develop in smaller increments.

    13.6 Use the correct package to report the bug against

    If you do not know what component is responsible for the bug or if the bug is a general bug concerning live systems, you can fill a bug against the debian-live pseudo-package.

    However, we would appreciate it if you try to narrow it down according to where the bug appears.

    13.6.1 At build time whilst bootstrapping

    live-build first bootstraps a basic Debian system with debootstrap or cdebootstrap. Depending on the bootstrapping tool used and the Debian distribution it is bootstrapping, it may fail. If a bug appears here, check if the error is related to a specific Debian package (most likely), or if it is related to the bootstrapping tool itself.

    In both cases, this is not a bug in Debian Live, but rather in Debian itself and probably we cannot fix it directly. Please report such a bug against the bootstrapping tool or the failing package.

    13.6.2 At build time whilst installing packages

    live-build installs additional packages from the Debian archive and depending on the Debian distribution used and the daily archive state, it can fail. If a bug appears here, check if the error is also reproducible on a normal system.

    If this is the case, this is not a bug in Debian Live, but rather in Debian - please report it against the failing package. Running debootstrap separately from the Live system build or running lb bootstrap --debug will give you more information.

    Also, if you are using a local mirror and/or any sort of proxy and you are experiencing a problem, please always reproduce it first by bootstrapping from an official mirror.

    13.6.3 At boot time

    If your image does not boot, please report it to the mailing list together with the information requested in Collect information. Do not forget to mention, how/when the image failed, whether in Qemu, Virtualbox, VMWare or real hardware. If you are using a virtualization technology of any kind, please always run it on real hardware before reporting a bug. Providing a screenshot of the failure is also very helpful.

    13.6.4 At run time

    If a package was successfully installed, but fails while actually running the Live system, this is probably a bug in Debian Live. However:

    13.7 Do the research

    Before filing the bug, please search the web for the particular error message or symptom you are getting. As it is highly unlikely that you are the only person experiencing a particular problem. There is always a chance that it has been discussed elsewhere and a possible solution, patch, or workaround has been proposed.

    You should pay particular attention to the Debian Live mailing list, as well as the homepage, as these are likely to contain the most up-to-date information. If such information exists, always include the references to it in your bug report.

    In addition, you should check the current bug lists for live-build, live-boot, live-config and live-tools to see whether something similar has already been reported.

    13.8 Where to report bugs

    The Debian Live project keeps track of all bugs in the Debian Bug Tracking System (BTS). For information on how to use the system, please see ‹http://bugs.debian.org/›. You can also submit the bugs by using the reportbug command from the package with the same name.

    In general, you should report build time errors against the live-build package, boot time errors against live-boot, and run time errors against live-config. If you are unsure of which package is appropriate or need more help before submitting a bug report, please report it against the debian-live pseudo-package. We will then take care about it and reassign it where appropriate.

    Please note that bugs found in distributions derived from Debian (such as Ubuntu and others) should not be reported to the Debian BTS unless they can be also reproduced on a Debian system using official Debian packages.