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Subsections


Symbols and Constants

This appendix is a reference to the chords that MMA recognizes and name/value tables for drum and instrument names. The tables have been auto-generated by MMA using the -D options.

Chord Names

MMA recognizes standard cord names as listed below. The names are case sensitive and must be entered in uppercase letters as shown:

A A$\sharp$ A$\flat$ B B$\sharp$ B$\flat$ C C$\sharp$ C$\flat$ D D$\sharp$ D$\flat$ E E$\sharp$ E$\flat$ F F$\sharp$ F$\flat$ G G$\sharp$ G$\flat$

Please note that in your input files you must use a lowercase ``b'' or an ``&'' to represent a $\flat$ and a ``#'' for a $\sharp$.

The following types of chords are recognized (these are case sensitive and must be in the mixed upper and lowercase shown):

+ See ``aug''
11 9th chord plus 11th.
11$\flat$9 9th chord plus flat 11th.
13 Dominant 7th (including 5th) plus 13th.
6 Major tiad with added 6th.
7 Dominant 7th.
7$\sharp$11 See ``9$\sharp$11''
7$\sharp$5 7th, sharp 5.
7$\sharp$5$\sharp$9 Dominant 7th with sharp 5th and sharp 9th.
7$\sharp$5$\flat$9 Dominant 7th with sharp 5th and flat 9th.
7$\sharp$9 Dominant 7th with sharp 9th.
7$\sharp$9$\sharp$11 Dominant 7th plus sharp 9th and sharp 11th.
7+ See ``aug7''
7+5 See ``7$\sharp$5''
7+9 See ``7$\sharp$9''
7-5 See ``7$\flat$5''
7-9 See ``7$\flat$9''
7$\flat$5 7th, flat 5.
7$\flat$5$\sharp$9 Dominant 7th with flat 5th and sharp 9th.
7$\flat$5$\flat$9 Dominant 7th with flat 5th and flat 9th.
7$\flat$9 Dominant 7th with flat 9th.
7sus 7th with suspended 4th, dominant 7th with 3rd raised half tone.
7sus2 A sus2 with dominant 7th added.
7sus4 See ``sus4''
9 Dominant 7th plus 9th.
9$\sharp$11 Dominant 7th plus 9th and sharp 11th.
9$\sharp$5 Dominant 7th plus 9th with sharp 5th.
9$\flat$5 Dominant 7th plus 9th with flat 5th.
M Major triad. This is the default and is used in the absense of any other chord type specification.
M13 Major 7th (including 5th) plus 13th.
M7 Major 7th.
M7$\sharp$11 Major 7th plus 9th and sharp 11th.
M7$\flat$5 Major 7th with a flatted 5th.
M9 Major 7th plus 9th.
aug Augmented triad.
aug7 An augmented chord (raised 5th) with a dominant 7th.
aug7$\flat$9 Augmented 7th with flat 5th and sharp 9th.
dim Diminished. MMA assumes a diminished 7th.
dim7 See ``dim''
m Minor triad.
m$\sharp$5 Major triad with augmented 5th.
m(maj7) See ``mM7''
m(sus9) Minor triad plus 9th (no 7th).
m+5 See ``m$\sharp$5''
m+7 See ``mM7''
m11 9th with minor 3rd, plus 11th.
m6 Minor 6th.
m7 Minor 7th.
m7-5 See ``m7$\flat$5''
m7$\flat$5 Minor 7th, flat 5 (aka 1/2 diminished).
m7$\flat$9 Minor 7th with added flat 9th.
m9 Minor triad plus 7th and 9th.
m9$\flat$5 Minor triad, flat 5, plus 7th and 9th.
mM7 Minor Triad plus Major 7th. You will also see this printed as ``m(maj7)'', ``m+7'', ``min(maj7)'' and ``min$\sharp$7'' (which MMA accepts); as well as the MMA invalid forms: ``-($\Delta$7)'', and ``min$\natural$7''.
maj7 See ``M7''
m$\flat$5 Minor triad with flat 5th.
min$\sharp$7 See ``mM7''
min(maj7) See ``mM7''
sus See ``sus4''
sus2 Suspended 2nd, major triad with major 2nd above root substituted for 3rd.
sus4 Suspended 4th, major triad with 3rd raised half tone.
sus9 Dominant 7th plus 9th, omit 7th.
 
In modern pop charts the ``M'' in a major 7th chord (and other major chords) is often represented by a ``$\Delta$''. When entering these chords, just replace the ``$\Delta$'' with an ``M''. For example, change ``G$\Delta$7'' to ``GM7''.

Modern pop charts sometimes use ``slash'' chords in the form ``Am/E''. MMA is not capable of correctly interpreting this notation. If you encounter it just leave the ``slash'' part off and all should work fine. See your favorite music theory book or teacher for an explanation!

A chord name without a type is interpreted as a major chord (or triad). For example, the chord ``C'' is identical to ``CM''.


MIDI Voices

When setting a voice for a track (ie Bass Voice NN), you can specify the patch to use with a symbolic constant. Any combination of upper and lower case is permitted. The following are the names with the equivalent voice numbers:

Voices, Alphabetically

5thSawWave 86
Accordion 21
AcousticBass 32
AgogoBells 113
AltoSax 65
Applause/Noise 126
Atmosphere 99
BagPipe 109
Bandoneon 23
Banjo 105
BaritoneSax 67
Bass&Lead 87
Bassoon 70
BirdTweet 123
BottleBlow 76
BowedGlass 92
BrassSection 61
BreathNoise 121
Brightness 100
Celesta 8
Cello 42
Charang 84
ChifferLead 83
ChoirAahs 52
ChurchOrgan 19
Clarinet 71
Clavinet 7
CleanGuitar 27
ContraBass 43
Crystal 98
DistortonGuitar 30
EPiano 5
EchoDrops 102
EnglishHorn 69
Fantasia 88
Fiddle 110
FingeredBass 33
Flute 73
FrenchHorn 60
FretlessBass 35
Glockenspiel 9
Goblins 101
GuitarFretNoise 120
GuitarHarmonics 31
GunShot 127
HaloPad 94
Harmonica 22
HarpsiChord 6
HelicopterBlade 125
Honky-TonkPiano 3
IceRain 96
JazzGuitar 26
Kalimba 108
Koto 107
Marimba 12
MelodicTom1 117
MetalPad 93
MusicBox 10
MutedGuitar 28
MutedTrumpet 59
NylonGuitar 24
Oboe 68
Ocarina 79
OrchestraHit 55
OrchestralHarp 46
Organ1 16
Organ2 17
Organ3 18
OverDriveGuitar 29
PanFlute 75
Piano1 0
Piano2 1
Piano3 2
Piccolo 72
PickedBass 34
PizzicatoString 45
PolySynth 90
Recorder 74
ReedOrgan 20
ReverseCymbal 119
RhodesPiano 4
Santur 15
SawWave 81
SeaShore 122
Shakuhachi 77
Shamisen 106
Shanai 111
Sitar 104
SlapBass1 36
SlapBass2 37
SlowStrings 49
SoloVoice 85
SopranoSax 64
SoundTrack 97
SpaceVoice 91
SquareWave 80
StarTheme 103
SteelDrums 114
SteelGuitar 25
Strings 48
SweepPad 95
SynCalliope 82
SynthBass1 38
SynthBass2 39
SynthBrass1 62
SynthBrass2 63
SynthDrum 118
SynthStrings1 50
SynthStrings2 51
SynthVox 54
TaikoDrum 116
TelephoneRing 124
TenorSax 66
Timpani 47
TinkleBell 112
TremoloStrings 44
Trombone 57
Trumpet 56
Tuba 58
TubularBells 14
Vibraphone 11
Viola 41
Violin 40
VoiceOohs 53
WarmPad 89
Whistle 78
WoodBlock 115
Xylophone 13
 

Voices, By MIDI Value

0 Piano1
1 Piano2
2 Piano3
3 Honky-TonkPiano
4 RhodesPiano
5 EPiano
6 HarpsiChord
7 Clavinet
8 Celesta
9 Glockenspiel
10 MusicBox
11 Vibraphone
12 Marimba
13 Xylophone
14 TubularBells
15 Santur
16 Organ1
17 Organ2
18 Organ3
19 ChurchOrgan
20 ReedOrgan
21 Accordion
22 Harmonica
23 Bandoneon
24 NylonGuitar
25 SteelGuitar
26 JazzGuitar
27 CleanGuitar
28 MutedGuitar
29 OverDriveGuitar
30 DistortonGuitar
31 GuitarHarmonics
32 AcousticBass
33 FingeredBass
34 PickedBass
35 FretlessBass
36 SlapBass1
37 SlapBass2
38 SynthBass1
39 SynthBass2
40 Violin
41 Viola
42 Cello
43 ContraBass
44 TremoloStrings
45 PizzicatoString
46 OrchestralHarp
47 Timpani
48 Strings
49 SlowStrings
50 SynthStrings1
51 SynthStrings2
52 ChoirAahs
53 VoiceOohs
54 SynthVox
55 OrchestraHit
56 Trumpet
57 Trombone
58 Tuba
59 MutedTrumpet
60 FrenchHorn
61 BrassSection
62 SynthBrass1
63 SynthBrass2
64 SopranoSax
65 AltoSax
66 TenorSax
67 BaritoneSax
68 Oboe
69 EnglishHorn
70 Bassoon
71 Clarinet
72 Piccolo
73 Flute
74 Recorder
75 PanFlute
76 BottleBlow
77 Shakuhachi
78 Whistle
79 Ocarina
80 SquareWave
81 SawWave
82 SynCalliope
83 ChifferLead
84 Charang
85 SoloVoice
86 5thSawWave
87 Bass&Lead
88 Fantasia
89 WarmPad
90 PolySynth
91 SpaceVoice
92 BowedGlass
93 MetalPad
94 HaloPad
95 SweepPad
96 IceRain
97 SoundTrack
98 Crystal
99 Atmosphere
100 Brightness
101 Goblins
102 EchoDrops
103 StarTheme
104 Sitar
105 Banjo
106 Shamisen
107 Koto
108 Kalimba
109 BagPipe
110 Fiddle
111 Shanai
112 TinkleBell
113 AgogoBells
114 SteelDrums
115 WoodBlock
116 TaikoDrum
117 MelodicTom1
118 SynthDrum
119 ReverseCymbal
120 GuitarFretNoise
121 BreathNoise
122 SeaShore
123 BirdTweet
124 TelephoneRing
125 HelicopterBlade
126 Applause/Noise
127 GunShot
 


Drum Notes

When defining a drum tone, you can specify the patch to use with a symbolic constant. Any combination of upper and lower case is permitted. The following are the names with the equivalent note numbers:

Drum Notes, Alphabetically

Cabasa 69
Castanets 84
ChineseCymbal 52
Claves 75
ClosedHiHat 42
CowBell 56
CrashCymbal1 49
CrashCymbal2 57
HandClap 39
HighAgogo 67
HighBongo 60
HighQ 27
HighTimbale 65
HighTom1 50
HighTom2 48
HighWoodBlock 76
JingleBell 83
KickDrum1 36
KickDrum2 35
LongGuiro 74
LongLowWhistle 72
LowAgogo 68
LowBongo 61
LowConga 64
LowTimbale 66
LowTom1 43
LowTom2 41
LowWoodBlock 77
Maracas 70
MetronomeBell 34
MetronomeClick 33
MidTom1 47
MidTom2 45
MuteCuica 78
MuteHighConga 62
MuteSudro 85
MuteTriangle 80
OpenCuica 79
OpenHiHat 46
OpenHighConga 63
OpenSudro 86
OpenTriangle 81
PedalHiHat 44
RideBell 53
RideCymbal1 51
RideCymbal2 59
ScratchPull 30
ScratchPush 29
Shaker 82
ShortGuiro 73
ShortHiWhistle 71
SideKick 37
Slap 28
SnareDrum1 38
SnareDrum2 40
SplashCymbal 55
SquareClick 32
Sticks 31
Tambourine 54
VibraSlap 58
 

Drum Notes, by MIDI Value

27 HighQ
28 Slap
29 ScratchPush
30 ScratchPull
31 Sticks
32 SquareClick
33 MetronomeClick
34 MetronomeBell
35 KickDrum2
36 KickDrum1
37 SideKick
38 SnareDrum1
39 HandClap
40 SnareDrum2
41 LowTom2
42 ClosedHiHat
43 LowTom1
44 PedalHiHat
45 MidTom2
46 OpenHiHat
47 MidTom1
48 HighTom2
49 CrashCymbal1
50 HighTom1
51 RideCymbal1
52 ChineseCymbal
53 RideBell
54 Tambourine
55 SplashCymbal
56 CowBell
57 CrashCymbal2
58 VibraSlap
59 RideCymbal2
60 HighBongo
61 LowBongo
62 MuteHighConga
63 OpenHighConga
64 LowConga
65 HighTimbale
66 LowTimbale
67 HighAgogo
68 LowAgogo
69 Cabasa
70 Maracas
71 ShortHiWhistle
72 LongLowWhistle
73 ShortGuiro
74 LongGuiro
75 Claves
76 HighWoodBlock
77 LowWoodBlock
78 MuteCuica
79 OpenCuica
80 MuteTriangle
81 OpenTriangle
82 Shaker
83 JingleBell
84 Castanets
85 MuteSudro
86 OpenSudro
 


MIDI Controllers

When specifying a MIDI Controller in a MidiSeq or MidiVoice command you can use the absolute value in (either as a decimal number or in hexadecimal by prefixing the value with a ``0x''), or the symbolic name in the following tables. The tables have been extracted from information at http://www.midi.org/about-midi/table3.shtml. Note that all the values in these tables are in hexadecimal notation.

Complete reference for this is not a part of MMA. Please refer to a detailed text on MIDI or the manaul for your synthesizer.

Controllers, Alphabetically

AllNotesOff 7b
AllSoundsOff 78
AttackTime 49
Balance 08
BalanceLSB 28
Bank 00
BankLSB 20
Breath 02
BreathLSB 22
Brightness 4a
Chorus 5d
Ctrl102 66
Ctrl103 67
Ctrl104 68
Ctrl105 69
Ctrl106 6a
Ctrl107 6b
Ctrl108 6c
Ctrl109 6d
Ctrl110 6e
Ctrl111 6f
Ctrl112 70
Ctrl113 71
Ctrl114 72
Ctrl115 73
Ctrl116 74
Ctrl117 75
Ctrl118 76
Ctrl119 77
Ctrl14 0e
Ctrl15 0f
Ctrl20 14
Ctrl21 15
Ctrl22 16
Ctrl23 17
Ctrl24 18
Ctrl25 19
Ctrl26 1a
Ctrl27 1b
Ctrl28 1c
Ctrl29 1d
Ctrl3 03
Ctrl30 1e
Ctrl31 1f
Ctrl35 23
Ctrl41 29
Ctrl46 2e
Ctrl47 2f
Ctrl52 34
Ctrl53 35
Ctrl54 36
Ctrl55 37
Ctrl56 38
Ctrl57 39
Ctrl58 3a
Ctrl59 3b
Ctrl60 3c
Ctrl61 3d
Ctrl62 3e
Ctrl63 3f
Ctrl79 4f
Ctrl85 55
Ctrl86 56
Ctrl87 57
Ctrl88 58
Ctrl89 59
Ctrl9 09
Ctrl90 5a
Data 06
DataDec 61
DataInc 60
DataLSB 26
DecayTime 4b
Detune 5e
Effect1 0c
Effect1LSB 2c
Effect2 0d
Effect2LSB 2d
Expression 0b
ExpressionLSB 2b
Foot 04
FootLSB 24
General1 10
General1LSB 30
General2 11
General2LSB 31
General3 12
General3LSB 32
General4 13
General4LSB 33
General5 50
General6 51
General7 52
General8 53
Hold2 45
Legato 44
LocalCtrl 7a
Modulation 01
ModulationLSB 21
NonRegLSB 62
NonRegMSB 63
OmniOff 7c
OmniOn 7d
Pan 0a
PanLSB 2a
Phaser 5f
PolyOff 7e
PolyOn 7f
Portamento 05
Portamento 41
PortamentoCtrl 54
PortamentoLSB 25
RegParLSB 64
RegParMSB 65
ReleaseTime 48
ResetAll 79
Resonance 47
Reverb 5b
SoftPedal 43
Sostenuto 42
Sustain 40
Tremolo 5c
Variation 46
VibratoDelay 4e
VibratoDepth 4d
VibratoRate 4c
Volume 07
VolumeLSB 27
 

Controllers, by Value

00 Bank
01 Modulation
02 Breath
03 Ctrl3
04 Foot
05 Portamento
06 Data
07 Volume
08 Balance
09 Ctrl9
0a Pan
0b Expression
0c Effect1
0d Effect2
0e Ctrl14
0f Ctrl15
10 General1
11 General2
12 General3
13 General4
14 Ctrl20
15 Ctrl21
16 Ctrl22
17 Ctrl23
18 Ctrl24
19 Ctrl25
1a Ctrl26
1b Ctrl27
1c Ctrl28
1d Ctrl29
1e Ctrl30
1f Ctrl31
20 BankLSB
21 ModulationLSB
22 BreathLSB
23 Ctrl35
24 FootLSB
25 PortamentoLSB
26 DataLSB
27 VolumeLSB
28 BalanceLSB
29 Ctrl41
2a PanLSB
2b ExpressionLSB
2c Effect1LSB
2d Effect2LSB
2e Ctrl46
2f Ctrl47
30 General1LSB
31 General2LSB
32 General3LSB
33 General4LSB
34 Ctrl52
35 Ctrl53
36 Ctrl54
37 Ctrl55
38 Ctrl56
39 Ctrl57
3a Ctrl58
3b Ctrl59
3c Ctrl60
3d Ctrl61
3e Ctrl62
3f Ctrl63
40 Sustain
41 Portamento
42 Sostenuto
43 SoftPedal
44 Legato
45 Hold2
46 Variation
47 Resonance
48 ReleaseTime
49 AttackTime
4a Brightness
4b DecayTime
4c VibratoRate
4d VibratoDepth
4e VibratoDelay
4f Ctrl79
50 General5
51 General6
52 General7
53 General8
54 PortamentoCtrl
55 Ctrl85
56 Ctrl86
57 Ctrl87
58 Ctrl88
59 Ctrl89
5a Ctrl90
5b Reverb
5c Tremolo
5d Chorus
5e Detune
5f Phaser
60 DataInc
61 DataDec
62 NonRegLSB
63 NonRegMSB
64 RegParLSB
65 RegParMSB
66 Ctrl102
67 Ctrl103
68 Ctrl104
69 Ctrl105
6a Ctrl106
6b Ctrl107
6c Ctrl108
6d Ctrl109
6e Ctrl110
6f Ctrl111
70 Ctrl112
71 Ctrl113
72 Ctrl114
73 Ctrl115
74 Ctrl116
75 Ctrl117
76 Ctrl118
77 Ctrl119
78 AllSoundsOff
79 ResetAll
7a LocalCtrl
7b AllNotesOff
7c OmniOff
7d OmniOn
7e PolyOff
7f PolyOn
 


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Next: Command Summary Up: Reference Manaul Previous: Frequency Asked Questions
Bob 2004-12-02