The Error Parsers page of the Properties window lists a set of filters that detect error patterns in the build output log.
If an error or warning is detected, an icon appears on the file in the Tasks view. If the file is not found, the icon appears on the project.
You can define the properties on a per project basis in the New CDT Project wizard, in the C/C++ Projects view, or in the Navigator view. You can also define project properties in the Preferences window for future make projects.
To select error parsers:
CDT Projects
Project file views
Error Parsers, C/C++ Properties window