Debian Live Manual

À propos

1. À propos de ce manuel

1.1 Pour les impatients
1.2 Terminologie
1.3 Auteurs
1.4 Contribuer à ce document
1.4.1 Appliquer des patches
1.4.2 Traduction

2. À propos du projet Debian Live

2.1 Motivation
2.1.1 Quel est le problème avec les systèmes live actuels
2.1.2 Pourquoi créer notre propre système live?
2.2 Philosophie
2.2.1 Seulement paquets officiels inchangés
2.2.2 Pas de configuration des paquets du système live
2.3 Contact

Utilisateur

3. Installation

3.1 Exigences
3.2 Installation de live-build
3.2.1 Depuis le référentiel Debian
3.2.2 Depuis le code source
3.2.3 À partir des instantanés
3.3 live-boot et live-config
3.3.1 Depuis le référentiel Debian
3.3.2 Depuis le code source
3.3.3 À partir des instantanés

4. Les bases

4.1 Qu'est-ce qu'un système live?
4.2 Premières étapes: la construction d'une image ISO hybride
4.3 Utilisation d'une image ISO hybride live
4.3.1 Graver une image ISO sur un support physique
4.3.2 Copie d'un image ISO hybride sur une clé USB
4.3.3 Démarrer le support live
4.4 Utiliser une machine virtuelle pour les tests
4.4.1 Test d'une image ISO avec QEMU
4.4.2 Test d'une image ISO avec virtualbox-ose
4.5 Construction d'une image USB/HDD
4.6 Utiliser une image USB/HDD
4.6.1 Test d'une image USB/HDD avec Qemu
4.6.2 Utilisation de l'espace disponible sur une clé USB
4.7 Construction d'une image netboot
4.7.1 Serveur DHCP
4.7.2 Serveur TFTP
4.7.3 Serveur NFS
4.7.4 Guide pratique pour expérimenter avec une image Netboot
4.7.5 Qemu
4.7.6 VMWare Player

5. Aperçu des outils

5.1 live-build
5.1.1 La commande lb config
5.1.2 La commande lb build
5.1.3 La commande lb clean
5.2 Le paquet live-boot
5.3 Le paquet live-config

6. Gestion d'une configuration

6.1 Utilisez auto pour gérer les modifications de configuration
6.2 Exemples de scripts auto

7. Vue d'ensemble de la personnalisation

7.1 Configuration pendant la construction vs. le démarrage
7.2 Étapes de la construction
7.3 Supplément lb config avec des fichiers
7.4 Tâches de personnalisation

8. Personnalisation de l'installation de paquets

8.1 Sources des paquets
8.1.1 Distribution, archive areas et mode
8.1.2 Miroirs de distribution
8.1.3 Miroirs de distribution utilisés au temps de construction
8.1.4 Miroirs de distribution utilisés au moment de l'exécution
8.1.5 Référentiels additionnels
8.2 Choisir les paquets à installer
8.2.1 Choisir un certain nombre de paquets
8.2.2 Listes de paquets
8.2.3 Listes de paquets prédéfinies
8.2.4 Listes de paquets locaux
8.2.5 Listes locaux de paquets binaires
8.2.6 Extension d'un liste de paquets fournis à l'aide de «includes»
8.2.7 Utilisant des conditionnels dans les listes de paquets
8.2.8 Tâches
8.2.9 Tâches de bureau et de la langue
8.3 Installation des paquets modifiés ou de tiers
8.3.1 Utilisant chroot_local-packages pour installer paquets personnalisés
8.3.2 Utilisant un référentiel APT pour installer des paquets personnalisés.
8.3.3 Les paquets personnalisés et APT
8.4 Configuration d'APT au moment de la construction
8.4.1 Choisir apt ou aptitude
8.4.2 Utilisation d'un proxy avec APT
8.4.3 Régler APT pour économiser de l'espace
8.4.4 Passer des options à apt ou aptitude
8.4.5 APT pinning

9. Personnalisation des contenus

9.1 Includes
9.1.1 Live/chroot local includes
9.1.2 Binary local includes
9.1.3 Binary includes
9.2 Hooks
9.2.1 Live/chroot local hooks
9.2.2 Hooks au moment du démarrage
9.2.3 Binary local hooks
9.3 Préconfigurer questions de debconf

10. Personnalisation des comportements au moment de l'exécution

10.1 Personnalisation de l'utilisateur Live
10.2 Personnalisation des paramètres régionaux et la langue
10.3 Persistance
10.3.1 Persistance pleine
10.3.2 Montage automatique de Home
10.3.3 Instantanés
10.3.4 SubText persistant
10.3.5 Remasterisation partielle

11. Customizing the binary image

11.1 Bootloader
11.2 ISO metadata

12. Customizing Debian Installer

12.1 Types of Debian Installer
12.2 Customizing Debian Installer by preseeding
12.3 Customizing Debian Installer content

Projet

13. Reporting bugs

13.1 Known issues
13.2 Rebuild from scratch
13.3 Use up-to-date packages
13.4 Collect information
13.5 Isolate the failing case if possible
13.6 Use the correct package to report the bug against
13.6.1 At build time whilst bootstrapping
13.6.2 At build time whilst installing packages
13.6.3 At boot time
13.6.4 At run time
13.7 Do the research
13.8 Where to report bugs

14. Coding Style

14.1 Compatibility
14.2 Indenting
14.3 Wrapping
14.4 Variables
14.5 Miscellaneous

15. Procedures

15.1 Udeb Uploads
15.2 Major Releases
15.3 Point Releases
15.3.1 Point release announcement template

Exemples

16. Examples

16.1 Using the examples
16.2 Tutorial 1: A standard image
16.3 Tutorial 2: A web browser utility
16.4 Tutorial 3: A personalized image
16.4.1 First revision
16.4.2 Second revision
16.5 A VNC Kiosk Client
16.6 A base image for a 128M USB key
16.7 A localized KDE desktop and installer

Debian Live Manual

Utilisateur

12. Customizing Debian Installer

Debian Live system images can be integrated with Debian Installer. There are a number of different types of installation, varying in what is included and how the installer operates.

Please note the careful use of capital letters when referring to the "Debian Installer" in this section - when used like this we refer explicitly to the official installer for the Debian system, not anything else. It is often seen abbreviated to "d-i".

12.1 Types of Debian Installer

The three main types of installer are:

"Regular" Debian Installer: This is a normal Debian Live image with a seperate kernel and initrd which (when selected from the appropriate bootloader) launches into a standard Debian Installer instance, just as if you had downloaded a CD image of Debian and booted it. Images containing a live system and such an otherwise independent installer are often referred to as "combined images".

On such images, Debian is installed by fetching and installing .deb packages using debootstrap or cdebootstrap, from the local media or some network-based network, resulting in a standard Debian system being installed to the hard disk.

This whole process can be preseeded and customized in a number of ways; see the relevant pages in the Debian Installer manual for more information. Once you have a working preseeding file, live-build can automatically put it in the image and enable it for you.

"Live" Debian Installer: This is a Debian Live image with a separate kernel and initrd which (when selected from the appropriate bootloader) launches into an instance of the Debian Installer.

Installation will proceed in an identical fashion to the "Regular" installation described above, but at the actual package installation stage, instead of using debootstrap to fetch and install packages, the live filesystem image is copied to the target. This is achieved with a special udeb called live-installer.

After this stage, the Debian Installer continues as normal, installing and configuring items such as bootloaders and local users, etc.

Note: to support both normal and live installer entries in the bootloader of the same live media, you must disable live-installer by preseeding live-installer/enable=false.

"Desktop" Debian Installer: Regardless of the type of Debian Installer included, d-i can be launched from the Desktop by clicking on an icon. This is user friendlier in some situations. In order to make use of this, the debian-installer-launcher package needs to be included.

Note that by default, live-build does not include Debian Installer images in the images, it needs to be specifically enabled with lb config. Also, please note that for the "Desktop" installer to work, the kernel of the live system must match the kernel d-i uses for the specified architecture. For example:

   $ lb config --architecture i386 --linux-flavours 486 \
       --debian-installer live --packages debian-installer-launcher

12.2 Customizing Debian Installer by preseeding

As described in the Debian Installer Manual, Appendix B at ‹http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/i386/apb.html›, "Preseeding provides a way to set answers to questions asked during the installation process, without having to manually enter the answers while the installation is running. This makes it possible to fully automate most types of installation and even offers some features not available during normal installations." This kind of customization is best accomplished with live-build by placing the configuration in a preseed.cfg file included in config/binary_debian-installer/. For example, to preseed setting the locale to en_US:

   $ echo "d-i debian-installer/locale string en_US" \
       >> config/binary_debian-installer/preseed.cfg

12.3 Customizing Debian Installer content

For experimental or debugging purposes, you might want to include locally built d-i component udeb packages. Place these in config/binary_local-udebs/ to include them in the image. Additional or replacement files and directories may be included in the installer initrd as well, in a similar fashion to Live/chroot local includes, by placing the material in config/binary_debian-installer-includes/.